Red line should measure around 2ohms to ground with a good multimeter. It's the antenna.
Blue circled component is a common mode choke, ~3.4ohm.
No idea what 'value' you want for D+/D- lines. Measuring Ohms to ground, on a good controller, they will be around 1.5M each.
That Mediatek chip most likely has multiple power rails. I have not traced them all out.
The Yellow Cap is just decoupling, 1000nF.